Fourth Generation (1980-1990): personal computers

•   The development of LSI (Large Scale Integration) circuits introduce the use of personal computer

•   Powerful personal computer use by business, universities and government are usually called workstations

•  1980’s – Growth of personal computer running network OS and distributed OS.

•  Network OS – User can log in into remote machine and copy file from one machine to another Each machine run it own local OS and has it own user

•  Distributed OS

                - Appears to its users as a traditional unit processor system, actually composed of multiple processor system






Disediakan oleh Syahir (F1069)

Third Generation (1955-1965): ICs and Multiprogramming

•   Early 1960 – Most manufacturer had two distinct, totally incompatible, produce lines.

                1) Word Oriented

                - large scale scientific computer, example: IBM 7094

                2) Character Oriented

•   IBM 360 – first major computer line to use small scale integrated circuit (IC)

                - major price/ performance advantage over second generation machine

•   IBM 7094 – used a technique called multiprogramming.

                - Ability to process the next before the first job is finished.

•   Spooling (Simultaneous peripheral operation on line)

                - Ability to read jobs from cards onto disk

                - Whenever a running job is finished, OS could load a new job from disk into the now empty partition and run it

Disediakan oleh Syahir (F1069)

Second Generation (1955-1965): Transistors and Batch Systems

 Introduction of the transistor in the mid-1950s changed the picture radically

  Computers became reliable enough that they could be manufactured and sold to paying customer with the expectation that they would continue to function long enough to get some useful work done.

Disediakan oleh Syahir (F1069)